Физика - скачать книги или читать онлайн. Страница 32

Вопрос о том, есть ли жизнь на Марсе, не даёт покоя людям на протяжении многих десятилетий! Марс – четвертая планета по удалённости от Солнца и последняя из планет земной группы. Как и остальные планеты в Солнечной системе (не считая Земли) Марс назван в честь мифологической фигуры – римского бога войны.

Что такое спутники? Чем искусственные спутники отличаются от естественных? Какие существуют типы искусственных спутников? Правда ли, что Луна – это естественный спутник Земли и есть ли лед на Луне? Сколько спутников у Юпитера? Могут ли спутники иметь свои собственные спутники? Об этом и о многом другом нам рассказал сотрудник Московского Планетария Александр Перхняк.

На самом деле нет никакой карты звездного неба! Та картинка неба, которую вы видите над головой, останется таковой только на мгновение. Взгляните на небо повторно через несколько минут и внимательно всмотритесь, вы обнаружите, что звезды поменяли свои позиции. Некоторые будут плавно уходить за горизонт, сменяясь другими, которые появятся в поле зрения. Постоянством могут похвастаться только Полярная звезда в северном полушарии и Южный Крест в южном, но и они будут вращаться каждое мгновение…

Технически человечество еще не готово путешествовать по Солнечной системе. Но мысленно побывать на каждой из планет возможно. Астрофизик Александр Перхняк последовательно рассказал о всех «жителях» солнечной системы: о каждой планете, Солнце и главных звёздах. Настоящих, не из телевизора!

Что такое метеориты и откуда они берутся? Действительно ли, что масса крупнейшего из найденных метеоритов составляла около 60 тонн? Что нам известно о падении Тунгусского метеорита и когда на Землю упал Челябинский метеорит? Обо всем этом нам рассказал руководитель центра астрономического и космического образования Дворца пионеров на Воробьевых горах Дмитрий Насонов.

Every city dweller is aware that we are seeing fewer stars at night due to the increasing amount of artificial lighting. But that is just the tip of the iceberg, as far as the loss of natural nocturnal darkness is concerned. Humans and animals worldwide are now suffering from the disrupted rhythm of day and night due to extreme lighting at night. In humans this can lead to illness and increased stress. Hitherto only known to experts, this book is the first to comprehensively treat the entire phenomenon of light pollution. Richly illustrated using unusual images taken from the TV documentation «The Dark Side of Light» by Anja Freyhoff and Thomas Uhlmann, this book is for anyone interested in a harmonious coexistence between humans and nature and a healthy work/life rhythm.

Over the last 50 years, a variety of techniques have been developed to add a third dimension to regular imaging, with an extended spectrum associated to every imaging pixel. Dubbed 3D spectroscopy from its data format, it is now widely used in the astrophysical domain, but also inter alia for atmospheric sciences and remote sensing purposes. This is the first book to comprehensively tackle these new capabilities. It starts with the fundamentals of spectroscopic instruments, in particular their potentials and limits. It then reviews the various known 3D techniques, with particular emphasis on pinpointing their different `ecological? niches. Putative users are finally led through the whole observing process, from observation planning to the extensive ? and crucial – phase of data reduction. This book overall goal is to give the non-specialist enough hands-on knowledge to learn fast how to properly use and produce meaningful data when using such a 3D capability.

This book surveys our understanding of stars which change in brightness because they pulsate. Pulsating variable stars are keys to distance scales inside and beyond the Milky Way galaxy. They test our understanding not only of stellar pulsation theory but also of stellar structure and evolution theory. Moreover, pulsating stars are important probes of the formation and evolution of our own and neighboring galaxies. Our understanding of pulsating stars has greatly increased in recent years as large-scale surveys of pulsating stars in the Milky Way and other Local Group galaxies have provided a wealth of new observations and as space-based instruments have studied particular pulsating stars in unprecedented detail.

The creation of the European Southern Observatory (ESO) in 1962 was the culmination of the dream of leading astronomers from five European countries. Over the years, as more member states joined, ESO constructed the La Silla and Paranal observatories, as well as the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) together with partners. ESO is now starting to build the world's biggest eye on the sky, the European Extremely Large Telescope. At the dawn of 2012, its 50th anniversary year, ESO is ready to enter a new era. One that not even its founding members could have anticipated in their boldest dreams. Constantly at the technological forefront, ESO is ready to tackle new and as yet unimaginable territories of high-precision technology and scientific discovery. Produced especially for ESO's 50th anniversary, this sumptuously illustrated book takes the reader behind the scenes of the most productive ground-based observatory in the world. It contains the best 300 of ESO's images, hand-picked from a large collection of more than 100 000 images. «Beautifully produced, Europe to the Stars tells the story of how dreams of giant telescopes became a reality and covers many of the exciting discoveries made at La Silla and Paranal.» —BBC Sky at Night, 1 February 2013 «Leave the book on your coffee table, certainly, but read it first and come back to it regularly. It's an intelligent, inspiring celebration of a great European scientific adventure.» —Astronomy Now, 1 March 2013

Written by an internationally renowned expert author and researcher, this monograph fills the need for a book conveying the sophisticated tools needed to calculate exo-planet motion and interplanetary space flight. It is unique in considering the critical problems of dynamics and stability, making use of the software Mathematica, including supplements for practical use of the formulae. A must-have for astronomers and applied mathematicians alike.

This AGN textbook includes phenomena based on new results in the X-Ray domain from new telescopes such as Chandra and XMM Newton not mentioned in any other book. Furthermore, it considers also the Fermi Gamma Ray Space Telescope with its revolutionary advances of unprecedented sensitivity, field of view and all-sky monitoring. Those and other new developments as well as simulations of AGN merging events and formations, enabled through latest super-computing capabilities. The book gives an overview on the current knowledge of the Active Galacitc Nuclei phenomenon. The spectral energy distribution will be discussed, pointing out what can be observed in different wavebands and with different physical models. Furthermore, the authors discuss the AGN with respect to its environment, host galaxy, feedback in galaxy clusters, etc. and finally the cosmological evolution of the AGN phenomenon.

Most elements are synthesized, or «cooked», by thermonuclear reactions in stars. The newly formed elements are released into the interstellar medium during a star's lifetime, and are subsequently incorporated into a new generation of stars, into the planets that form around the stars, and into the life forms that originate on the planets. Moreover, the energy we depend on for life originates from nuclear reactions that occur at the center of the Sun. Synthesis of the elements and nuclear energy production in stars are the topics of nuclear astrophysics, which is the subject of this book. It presents nuclear structure and reactions, thermonuclear reaction rates, experimental nuclear methods, and nucleosynthesis in detail. These topics are discussed in a coherent way, enabling the reader to grasp their interconnections intuitively. The book serves both as a textbook for advanced undergraduate and graduate students, with worked examples and end-of-chapter excercises, but also as a reference book for use by researchers working in the field of nuclear astrophysics.